The report from the US Clean Energy Buyers Association (CEBA) pointed out that fossil-free steelmaking technology will require at least 10 times more electricity than existing blast furnaces. By 2050, the US primary steel industry's annual electricity demand will reach 174 terawatt hours (TWh) for carbon emission reduction of up to 57%.

The report estimated that decarbonizing steelmaking with renewable energy will require 28 gigawatts (GW) of solar and wind resources and 58 GW of battery storage by 2050.

CEBA recommended that state governments, grid operators, and electricity producers should plan ahead to promote the deployment of clean energy and expansion of regional transmission.

Additionally, CEBA called on utility-scale power producers to provide more carbon-free energy options, supporting the steel industry to operate with low-cost clean energy and meet the demand for near-zero-emission steel. The report also showed that power transmission reform could improve the convenience for the steel industry to get clean energy sources.