In 2022, the demand for constructive steel in China went down obviously because of the epidemic and the international conflict.

China's apparent consumption of seamless pipes in 2020, 2021, and 2022 was 24.76 million tons, 22.28 million tons, and 21.35 million tons, respectively. The trend showed downward gradually.

In terms of foreign demand, China's seamless pipe exports in 2022 hiked by 78.6% to about 506,000 tons.

For the outlook, Chinese seamless pipes' apparent consumption in 2022 was expected to drop slightly. However, because of high energy prices and continuing regional conflict, China's seamless pipe exports in the fourth quarter were expected to be positive.